Transnational companies Essay Example for Free

Transnational companies Essay Country H could concentrate completely on production of good X or of good Y, X = f(L + K) Y = g(L + K) but by doing so they would be using resources in production of one good that might be better used in production of the other. Therefore the production possibility frontier is concave. Note also that because country H is well endowed with capital, it can produce more of capital-intensive good Y than labour intensive good X, hence the bias in the curve towards production of Y. Because competitive firms wish to maximise profits, we can assume they will produce at some point along this PPF. The utility maximising consumers decide where. An important assumption made by economists in many trade models is that of community indifference curves (CIC). We can take an aggregate of all individual indifference curves to make a set of CIC. As long as trade is not allowed, production will take place at wherever the PPF is tangent to the CIC that is furthest from the origin. This is our autarkic point. One final point to make is that at this point the price ratio is equal to the slope of the PPF or the marginal rate of transformation (MRT). Mathematically, p = px/py = MRT =Â  Y/? X (where px and py equal the respective prices of X and Y). Thus for given production functions and community preferences in autarky country H will produce and consume at Ah. Similarly with opposite factor endowments but facing the same production functions and community preferences, country F will produce and consume at Af. Allowing free trade means that producers face a new international price ratio as a result of the equalisation of prices. They now have an incentive to produce more of what they can export because the can receive a higher price for it. The Heckscher-Ohlin theorem states that a country will export the good which intensively uses its relatively abundant factor. (Markusen et al 1995, p. 106). So in country H, the price of good Y will rise while that of good X falls, causing consumers to prefer good X. Producers of X however see higher profits can be made by producing good Y and because factors are intersectorally mobile, they can do so. The resulting surplus of Y can be exported at the international price level. Finally, consumption will occur where the international price ratio is tangent to the CIC furthest from the origin. Another consequence of free trade is the equalisation of factor returns. This is the consequence that labour unions in the developed world are concerned about. In our example, country H (we shall now assume to be the U. S. ) experiences an increase in the price of capital-intensive good Y (which might be aeroplanes) and a decrease in price of labour-intensive good X (for example textiles). The important consequence of different factor endowments in the two countries is that the resulting price ratios of goods X and Y are different. Therefore in country H, capital-intensive good Y is relatively cheap and labour-intensive good X is relatively expensive with the opposite being true in country F. Lowering the barriers to trade gives consumers in H access to the markets in country F, where they can buy the labour intensive good X more cheaply. Similarly, consumers in country F can buy good Y cheaply if they import it from country H. Producers in each country are then forced to adjust production to suit the new patterns of demand In questioning globalisation, Hirst and Thompson (1995) investigate the flows of capital around the world and show They suggest that negative consequences of this may include a reduction in the power of governments to control their own affairs. Although this is an important issue, worry from the perspective of an economist is the extreme pursuit of economic development with no consideration of health or ecological issues There are those who assert that globalisation is desirable and use economic theory to show that all countries concerned can benefit from an increase in trade. Alternatively there are those who question whether globalisation is really happening and conclude that there are not as yet trans-national companies who Julius (1990) and Ohmae (1990) claim that numerous TNCs within the developed world go wherever investors see a return on their investments. So during the 1980s a smart TNC would initiate operations in the emerging markets of Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong. When confidence was broken in the 1990s it would withdraw its assets from East Asia and head for safer shores to take advantage of the new economy in the U. S. This leads many to think that by examining capital flows one can identify transnational companies.

Market Segmentation, Positioning and targeting for BMW :: Business and Management Studies

Market Segmentation, Positioning and targeting for BMW 1.1 Introduction This report aims to examine the market segmentation, positioning and targeting of BMW (automobile company). BMW will be examined giving information about the company and where it is now and any recommendations that we feel are appropriate. 1.2 BMW Company Profile BMW was formed in 1917, from the merger of two small aero engine makers. Their famous blue and white symbol stems from the colours of the Bavarian Luftwaffe and is said to resemble the view of the one of their plane through a propeller. BMW is renowned for its sporty, sophisticated & luxury image which has been built up since the 1970's with many motor sport victories ranging from Touring Car to Formula 1. BMW Group's worldwide mission statement is: "To be the most successful premium manufacturer in the industry."[1] 1.3 BMW's Marketing Mix To examine BMW we must first look at the marketing mix. A company's marketing mix is made up of four main points these are Price, Product, Promotion and Place. Through these points we can examine the specifics of a company to gain an insight into their segmentation, targeting and positioning. 1.4 Product The products produced by BMW are prestigious, high performance, technologically advanced automobiles. These start from mid-range cars up to the most prestigious and luxurious. The present models are: BMW 3 Series - Saloon, Coupe, Convertible, Touring, Compact ----------------------------------------------------------- BMW 5 Series - Saloon, Touring BMW 7 Series – Saloon BMW Z3 - Roadster BMW Z4 - Roadster BMW Z8 - Roadster BMW X5 - 4WD BMW M - M5, M3 Coupe, M3 Convertible, M Roadster, M Coupe Mini Cooper - an independent brand within the BMW Group[2] 1.5 Price BMW price ranges are from $17,000 to $80,000. There are many options that affect their car prices such as engine size, equipment levels and motor sport versions. This means you can purchase a base model (which is the cheapest) and then add options which may cost as much as ?20,000 more per car. Examples of price: Model ----- Lowest Price. Highest Price cc: BMW 3 Series ?16,265 ?32,870 BMW 5 Series. ?23,540 ?42,010 BMW 7 Series ?52,750e ce. ?60,000 BMW Z3 ?

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Essay

Although dropping slightly the second year they have managed to improve this in their third year increasing their overall profitability Safety Styles has also increased both its Return on Assets and Return on Equity, this demonstrates the ability of the company to efficiently make use of its assets and equity which ultimately reduces requirements for more funding and reduces cost making better use of what they currently have. Efficiency: Safety Styles Pty Ltd appears on average over the last three years to be improving its efficiency to make better use of their assets and turning over their inventory. Safety should also focus on this area and strive to improve their efficiency. Whilst the values may seem quiet higher their total sales amount has raised which may not be taken into account with averages. Safety Styles may need to revisit their inventory strategy as their turn over period is quite high; this would be a benefit for them in the long term by having quicker access to cash for investment in other assets. They should also pay attention to their Accounts Receivable Turnover and aim to reduce this. Liquidity: Whilst Safety Styles Current ratio and Quick asset ratio is declined they are both still very healthy numbers. Safety Styles non-current assets have been increasing annually. They may want to pay attention to reducing their inventory levels and accounts receivable to give them more cash and the opportunity to invest into non-current assets or reduce their liabilities as they currently has a low level of cash compared to inventory and accounts receivable. This will make the company more â€Å"liquid† in the short term. Safety Styles also has a very healthy quick asset ratio compared to the industry standard of 2. It should be noted that Safety Styles currently do not have a high level of liabilities and seem to be maintaining their levels of dent in relation to their assets Capital Structure: Safety Styles currently have a very low gearing ratio and are using retained earnings for most of their financing. External sources of financing will be a benefit to Safety Styles to help them grow and invest in additional non-current assets.

20 Ethical Argument Essay Topics for an Aspiring Student

Aspiring students who want to make an impression on their professors should choose their ideas for an argumentative essay carefully. If you want to make an impression and stand out from your colleagues, you might want to find a topic that’s both ethical and attention-grabbing. Make sure to adhere to the guidelines provided by your teachers before getting started. In the meantime, we’ve prepared a list with 20 ethical argument essay topics that might pique your interest. Potential Causes of Breast Cancer from Soaps and Deodorants Adopting a Child of a Different Ethnicity Pros and Cons of Vitamin Supplements and Whether They Do More Harm than Good to the Health The Potential Consequences of Plastic Surgery in the Long Term Human Cloning – A Far-Fetched Idea or Just a Genetic Disaster? Adopting the Death Penalty in All the States Around the US Should Teens Consider Abortion without Their Parents’ Approval? Reasons for Parents to Choose Homeschooling and Not Public Schooling for their Kids To Vote or Not to Vote on Election Day: Can Your Vote Make a Difference? Driving an Electric Car Can Help Save the Planet Social Media and Its Effects on Human Perception Bullying in Schools and the Effects of Bullying on a Child’s Personality Social Media and Its Effects on Human Socialization Reading Paper Books vs. Reading eBooks Combating Music Piracy: Can We Put an End to Music Piracy and Compel People to Buy Rather than â€Å"Steal†? The Benefits of Eating Organic Food Reasons Why Going Bio Is Healthier Advanced Car Technologies Can Completely Change the Way People Drive Their Cars How Global Warming Is Affecting the World’s Fauna and Flora Alzheimer’s Potential Treatment that Might Prevent the Materialization of the Disease Reasons Why Fad Diets Don’t Work What Can You Do to Lose Weight the Healthy Way There are hundreds of other topics you can pick for your college essay; however this depends on the subject assigned by your teacher. The 20 ethical argument essay topics mentioned above should serve you as inspiration! Choose the one that appeals to you most and make an impression on your professors with the coolest argumentative paper!

Internal Devaluation And Its Effects On The Economy

Furthermore, the Fund also recognized that after nearly four years of â€Å"internal devaluation,† the economic strategy had not succeeded. The idea of an â€Å"internal devaluation† is that if you create enough mass unemployment and push wages down far enough, the economy can become more competitive due to lower labor costs. This allows exports to grow, and import-competing industries to also do better, improving the trade balance. Since exports add to economic growth and employment, and reduced imports do the same, the economy can recover in this scenario due to increasing net exports (exports minus imports). Normally this could be attempted through a devaluation of the currency. But the troika has only recently shown any intention of trying to push the euro’s value down against external trading partners; and of course since it is a common currency, the more depressed economies within the currency union can’t devalue against the others (e.g. Spain ver sus Germany). This leaves â€Å"internal devaluation† as the remaining hope for recovery for countries such as Spain, Greece, and Portugal. In other words, despite the negative impact of the fiscal austerity, the theory is that â€Å"internal devaluation† based on lower labor costs can drive recovery based on the growth of net exports. But it took years to reach this point – despite crushing levels of unemployment and mandated reductions in the social wage (e.g., pensions and health care). The Fund finds that from 2008-2012, there wasShow MoreRelatedU.s. Dollar, China s Central Bank1397 Words   |  6 PagesChinese market, even the economic market all around the world, which brought a series of fluctuation and impact to the economy. Why china took this monetary action to face with the problem from the US dollar (What are the factors)? What is the (Positive or negative) influence will be aroused in the short term by this Chinese Yuan depreciation? What will be happen if this devaluation last in the further and what will be affected by this monetary policy in the long term? The following text will answerRead MoreU.s. Dollar, Chinas Central Bank1563 Words   |  7 PagesChinese market, even the economic market all around the world, which brought a series of fluctuation and impact to the economy. Why china t ook this monetary action to face with the problem from the US dollar (What are the factors)? What is the (Positive or negative) influence will be aroused in the short term by this Chinese Yuan depreciation? What will be happen if this devaluation last in the further and what will be affected by this monetary policy in the long term? The following text will answerRead MoreHow Deflation Impacted The Commodity Market And The Labor Market1238 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Since the global economic crisis happened in 2008, it had a severe impact on the worldwide economy. 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To be more specific, China became the second-largest economy in 2011(McCurry,J and Kollewe J,2011).And in recent years, according the data in the bar chart below, China GDPà ¢â‚¬â„¢s is growing rapidly and the growth rate is staying between 7% and 8% beforeRead MoreCase Study - Economic Turmoil in Latvia1006 Words   |  5 Pagesprotect the entity. The Swedish and Finnish banking sector, and to an extent their economy, would also be in trouble because of the high investment by Swedish and Finnish banks in the Latvian banks. In short the country could have gone bankrupt and put the Swedish and Finnish economies in jeopardy. 3.) The Latvian government could of implemented monetary and fiscal policy to head off the crises or at least lessen its effect. 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In short the country could have gone bankrupt and put the Swedish and Finnish economies in jeopardy. 3.) The Latvian government could of implemented monetary and fiscal policy to head off the crises or at least lessen its effect. The Latvian government should have monitored the lending of loans by the privateRead MoreLatvia As A Baltic Country1428 Words   |  6 Pageseconomic story. It has moved from one union to another in just over 20 years. Surely, it assumes good level of economic decisions to be done. Previously, USSR member still had some consequences from command economy. Therefore, decided to join European Union (EU) in order to move to market economy and stop being dependent on Russia. EU helped Latvia to create more trade, raise domestic market and bring specialisation by comparative advantage, which led to rise in welfare and output. This year from JanuaryRead MoreThe International Monetary Fund For World War II1500 Words   |  6 PagesDuring World War II, the Allies sought to reign in some of the chaos of international transactions. Problems, to that point, were myri ad; currencies and economies were not well-equipped to handle the rapid globalization that was underway. Little regulation meant ample room for abuse, like aggressive devaluation of a country’s currency, along with the less nefarious but equally damaging shocks in the newly-interconnected markets. â€Å"Beggar thy neighbor† policies, most of them ultimately landing on Germany’sRead MoreThe Trade Between East And West1650 Words   |  7 Pageschannels, consequently supporting significant development of China, India, Europe, Egypt and others. Soviet period brought the region into integrated economic space with relatively efficient system; however, it was oriented towards the needs of Soviet economy meaning weakened trade with foreign entities. Up until the dissolution of USSR countries of Central Asian region, including Kazakhstan, primarily served as providers of raw materials, energy products and minerals, trade routes led to north and west

Why I Decided For The Army For Three Reasons - 1141 Words

It is dark outside and many men lay sick on the cold dirt floor of the huts. I want to return to my family, however I must serve my country until the end. Our huts only have mud and straw for our bedding. Space was limited in the hut, there are no windows and only one door. The huts are 16’ by 14’, not enough room for the 12 men inside. Still, many of the conditions at Valley Forge are okay for living in. The living conditions occurred to be very harsh, but they happened to be bearable. I decided to re-enlist in the army for three reasons; the army needs more soldiers, in the end there is much pride and glory, and many leaders are helping us get through the war. In 1773, the Boston Tea Party commenced causing most of this drama with the British. Before we arrived at camp we had victories in Princeton and Trenton, demonstrating that we can win this war. Then in 1776, our Declaration of Independence had started to be written. Before I left to the war, my home was quartered or taken over by the British. I knew that I had to leave my family to help support them. In the year 1777 our army marched into the Valley Forge camp, home for me and my fellow men for 9 months. We ate, slept, and trained for many days. Upon our arrival at Valley Forge many soldiers started to desert, or in other words, they were leaving without permission from General Washington. The war conditions were getting worse and I knew that I had a duty to help the army. The first reason I will re-enlist inShow MoreRelatedThe Movie Spartacus 987 Words   |  4 Pagesstory behind the person who owns the famous line â€Å"This is Sparta!!†? I have, so I decided, hey! I should do a research paper on this guy so, here we are. His name is Spartacus and this is his story. Spartacus was born 109 BC in Thrace, Southeast Europe. Old right? I know that’s what I thought when I found that out. Spartacus lived during the first century BCE, cool right? 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Over Population (1509 words) Essay Example For Students

Over Population (1509 words) Essay Over PopulationOne of the more extreme measures taken in an attempt to control population has been China’s one-child policy. Population advocate Garet Hardin suggests the rest of the world adopt similar policies. This paper is to show a country’s government acting on theories that Hardin is popular for and the ethical and environmental effects that it had on people and the land. Hardin fails to see the ethical problems laid out by governments that suppress peoples thoughts and beliefs. Hardin states that throughout most of history there’s been no need for concern about population control. Nature would come along with epidemic diseases and take care of the matter for us. Disease has been the primary population controller in the past. Because widespread disease and famine no longer exist, we have to find other means to stop population increases (Spencer 1992, pp.61-2). Mutual coercion, mutually agreed upon is a misnomer as Hardin routinely supports the actions of authoritarian governments who rarely seek consent for their actions. When asked about the one child policy Hardin said that the Chinese government didn’t go far enough. He gave the Chinese credit for officially recognizing that they have a problem and for having the nerve to propose the single-child program .. he thought the failure was by not making the directive universal throughout the country. The one-child policy is only enforced in congested urban areas. People in rural regions continue to have too many children so the Chinese haven’t solved their problems at all. (Spencer 1992, p.60). Before 1950, there was an old Stalinist custom in China of rewarding â€Å"heroic mothers† giving birth to the largest number of children. This was more then a custom it was a way of life in China till Ma Yin Chu began to publish some articles on population. Ma Yin Chu was the pre sident of Beijing University and was one of the first people to voice his concern over the steady growth of China’s population. Between 1959-1961 there was a great famine in China that got everyone’s attention. Resources for such a large population were scarce. The government recognized that something had to be done about the population. Distribution of contraception’s, promotion of late marriages, and two child families were all part of a post famine campaign by the government. This lasted less then four years as China’s population began to increase again. The government began to release propaganda. The slogan Wan Xi Shao, Later Longer Fewer, ran through the streets of China. The efforts focused on the postponement of marriages, increased spacing of births, and the limitation of family sizes. The government’s efforts were vastly ignored in the countryside. Around the time Ma Yin Chu began to publish articles on population, the Communist rule took over in China. The Communist were ruled by Mao Zedong. Mao directed most of his energy into the Chinese economy. In 1958, Mao created an economic plan called the great leap forward. This plan called for the people to use their will power to improve the economy. The lack of technology and capital made the plan back fire and lead the people into the great famine. In the early to mid 1960’s the Communist party split into the radicals and the moderates. Mao gave his support to the radicals and tried again to focus on the economy. Coming off the great famine many wanted Mao to find a solution to the growing population. China still was not ready to recognize the stress the population had on the country. The United States relations with China had been weak mostly because of the Communist view. In 1972, Richard Nixion decided to visit China. Both countries began to recognize the potential economic benefits of trade between the nations. This improved relationship gave China a better look of the modernization that was currently going on in the west. In 1978, China decided that they liked what they saw. .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 , .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 .postImageUrl , .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 , .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3:hover , .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3:visited , .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3:active { border:0!important; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3:active , .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Report On Youth Violence EssayHaving more than one fifth of the world’s population, China had very little power in the world. In 1978, China realized they already had the manpower, so they set out to modernize the country. The efforts to modernize made China take a hard look at their population. They saw that foreign trade of their resources were limited because of the demand they had in their own country. This held back the economy and finally got the attention of the Chinese government. The one child policy began in 1979. It was China’s greatest effort to contain the population and to improve the economy. Economists stated that China needed to limit its population to about 1.2 billion by the year 2000 in order to achieve economic success. The one child campaign and its effectiveness rested on a combination of rewards and penalties. Rewards for the one child families included cash bonuses, preferential housing, job, and school enrollments, and free medical care and schooling for the child in the cities. For peasants, rewards were less appealing because there were no real benefits for framing. Penalties for more than two children included withdraw of health subsidies and paid maternity leaves, reduced rations for foodstuffs, and workpoint reductions. The one child policy often broke down in the country side. Urban families mostly followed the government rule but rural areas saw the laws enforced less frequent. In the countryside if your first child is a girl yo u can seek permission to try for a second for a son. The government accepts that in the countryside a son is needed to inherit the land and to look for the elderly parents. The cities were different mostly because they were in the transition to become a modern society. Here the government instilled the notion that it was for the good of their country to abide by the one child policy. The one child policy philosophy places the importance on the welfare of the country as a whole instead of individual interests. A benefit of the policy has some Chinese saying that a smaller population leads to a country with bigger spaces which provide the Chinese people with greater opportunities for development. Such views were not widely shared in all of China. The push by the government lead to a great deal of resentment and a wide spread evasion and defiance. Many cited the mental cost of the program ; the anguish, resentment, anger, depression, and regrets of those families who have to submit. An old Chinese tradition, the concept of duozi duofu , more sons more happiness, remains strong among the countryside. Look at the facts, virtually no women in China (0.06-0.1 %) wanted to be childless, and fewer than 5 percent of families in the countryside wanted to stop at one child. Many believed that three of four children would be an ideal in a family. It has seems that some people in the cities did infact accept the government belief on the one child policy. Some people think they bought into the propaganda and was manipulated into thinking that there is a better quality of life with modernization. While many in the cities obey the population standards in thinking that their communistic belief is helping the world they are now contributing t o higher fossil fuels and pollutants. The trade off from the shifts of the way in life in China sees those who do not desire the large families desire things like automobiles which the demand has doubled over the past ten years. So while many agree that over population does lead environmental hazards such as food and fuel shortages the new way of life also seems to have a negative effect on the environment. Hardins critique of the China’s failure in the one child policy is too broad and falls short. His thoery on the stratergy of having the rich countries serve as life boats for the poor is too narrow. He is iggnorat to any of the deatils of his theories. What defines a rich country or a poor country. Who is rich, who is poor? Are the people in China’s countryside all that poor? Economicaly spaeking they mirrior those of the thrid world countries. But, are they leading a poor life if they are allowed to act on their hertage?Hardin fails to admit the ethical problem tha t the government poses on their people. His focus seems to be of lack of membership in urban or lack of policing those areas. He does not admit that part of the failure is that the policy was not a shared belief by the Chinese. It was imposed from above and with many contradicting and disrespecting the ethics of many generations. BibliographyResources :? People’s Mouths. China’s Environment. .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 , .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 .postImageUrl , .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 , .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4:hover , .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4:visited , .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4:active { border:0!important; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4:active , .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Naming and describing plant parts Essay? Asia. Keeping China off the Rocks. The Economist February 10th 1996. -Easterbrook Gregg. Inconceivable, The New Republic. November 23rd, 1998. -Spencer, Cathy. Interview: Garrett Hardin. Omni, vol. 14, no.9, June 1992, pp.54-63. ? Social Issues